The effects of any budget/program decisions made since the information was collected during 1997-98 are NOT reflected in the National Security Space Road Map (NSSRM).

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(U) COBRA GEMINI

Description (U):

(U) The COBRA GEMINI Gemini system is based on several legacy systems including COBRA JUDY. However, COBRA GEMINI is not a replacement for COBRA JUDY. The systems complement each other to provide robust coverage of strategic (JUDY) and theater (JUDYand GEMINI) missile testing and treaty verification.

(U) The system collects dual frequency, high precision metric and signature intelligence (MASINT) data on targets of interest. The S- and X-band transmitters are phase-coherent, broadband power amplifiers, which use CPI high power Cavity Coupled Traveling Wave Tubes (CCTWTs). Both frequencies are transmitted through a dual-band Cassegrain feed and a common 5-meter aperture parabolic dish antenna. Four S-band tubes provide 50kW average power and one X-band tube produces 35kW average power. The S-band radar has a beam width of 1.24 degrees. S-Band performs surveillance (target detection and acquisition), narrow-band tracking, and wide-band imaging. The X-band radar has a beam width of 0.4 degrees that is centered in the S-band field of view. X-Band is slaved to the S-band tracker, and collects narrow-band and wide-band metric data as well as wide-band imaging data.

(U) The system uses super-hetrodyne receivers. The S-band system uses a double-down conversation receiver, while the X-band system uses a triple down-conversion receiver. The instantaneous bandwidth is 300 MHz and 1GHz at S- and X-band, respectively. Both receivers use High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) amplifiers.

(U) The main computer is a Silicon Graphics' Power Challenge XL. It runs the IRIX 6.2 real-time UNIX operating system. The console and displays are made up of six Silicon Graphics' INDX Graphics Workstations which use R-4600 processing units.

(U) MASINT programs are directed by the Defense Intelligence Agency and Central MASINT Office (DIA and CMO). Requirements are established by all government agencies and validated by CMO. The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) plans to use COBRA GEMINI for data collection during theater missile defense system testing. The Electronics System Center's Information Operations SPO (ESC\IYS) manages the prototype development and testing by MIT/LL. National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) provides processing and data exploitation services. Headquarters Air Intelligence Agency (HQ AIA) is responsible for radar operations. When sea based, the U.S. Navy T-AGOS Project Office will operate and maintain the ship.

(U) COBRA GEMINI is one of a suite of Measurements and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT) sensors funded by the General Defense Intelligence Program budget PE 31315. HQ USAF/XOI (previously HQ USAF/INR) is the program and funding execution organization for MASINT sensors.

User Impact (U):

(U) Intelligence data from the system will be used by all military services, the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA).

Programmatics (U):

(U) Programmed.

• (U) IOC: 02/1999 (2QFY1999).
  
  (U) a. Programmed. Will become operational 02/1999.
  
  (U) b. The major milestones are:
  -- (U) Feb 96, CG Development Effort Begins
  -- (U) Aug 97, MIT/LL development field testing at Westford, MA
  -- (U) Jan 98, Satellite Track Test at Westford, MA
  -- (U) Apr 98, Complete Ground-Based D/OT&E (Site WSMR)
  -- (U) May 98, Radar integration on T-AGOS 10 USNS Invincible
  -- (U) Oct 98, Begin Ship-Based D/OT&E (Atlantic)
  -- (U) Feb 99, Ship-Based IOC: 02/1999
  -- (U) Feb 00, Ship-based FOC: 02/2000
  
  (U) COBRA GEMINI is one of a suite of Measurements and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT) sensors funded by the General Defense Intelligence Program budget PE 31315. HQ USAF/XOI (previously HQ USAF/INR) is the program and funding execution organization for MASINT sensors.
• (U) FOC: 02/2000 (2QFY2000).

• (U) Air Force.

Images (U):

(U) None.

Related Initiatives (U):

This Table Is Unclassified.

Name	Title
COBRA JUDY	COBRA JUDY
LRDBTR	Long Range Dual Band Transportable Radar (LRDBTR)

Related Requirements (U): None.

Related Categories (U):

This Table Is Unclassified.

Name	Title
Ground-Based Warning	Ground-Based Warning Sensors

Road Map Placements (U):

This Table Is Unclassified.

Name	Title
SURVEILLANCE AND WARNING	SPACE FORCE ENHANCEMENT: SURVEILLANCE AND WARNING

Requirements, Funding and Additional Hotlinks (U):

(U) None.

Lead Office (U):

Air Force.

Point of Contact (U):

(U) Maj Donald Landing, ESC, Open Phone: None..

Date Of Information (U):

(U) 10 November 1997

(U) Road Map Production Date: 23 June 2001